Percabangan (Branching)

Macam-macam percabangan:
1. Statemen IF
Ø Struktur IF – THEN
BU: If kondisi then pernyataan;
Ø Struktur IF – THEN – ELSE
BU: If kondisi Then
pernyataan1
Else
pernyataan2;

Contoh:
program if_sederhana;
uses crt;
var nilai : real;
ket : string;
begin
clrscr;
write(‘nilai yang didapat : ’);readln(nilai);
if nilai>=60 then
ket :=’lulus’
else
ket :=’tidak lulus’;
writeln(‘keterangan :’,ket);
readln;
end.

if rata>=60 then
begin
grade :=’c’;
ket :=’lulus’;
end
else
begin
grade :=’d’;
ket :=’her’;
end
writeln(‘----------------------------------------------------‘);
writeln(‘ data nilai mahasiswa ’);
writeln(‘----------------------------------------------------‘);
writeln(‘nim :’,nim);
writeln(‘nama :’,nm);
writeln(‘nilai ujian 1 :’,uji1);
writeln(‘nilai ujian 2 :’,uji2);
writeln(‘total :’,total:4:0);
writeln(‘rata-rata :’,rata:2:2);
writeln(‘grade :’,grade);
writeln(‘keterangan :’,ket);
writeln(‘----------------------------------------------------‘);
readln;
end.Contoh:
program if_majemuk;
uses crt;
var nim,nm,grade,ket : string;
uji1,uji2 : integr;
total,rata : real;
begin
clrscr;
writeln(‘ input data mahasiswa ‘);
write(‘nim :’);readln(nim);
write(‘nama :’);readln(nm);
write(‘nilai ujian 1 :’);readln(uji1);
write(‘nilai ujian 2 :’);readln(uji2);
total :=uji1+uji2;
rata :=total/2;
if rata>=80 then
begin
grade :=’a’;
ket :=’lulus’;
end
else
if rata>=70 then
begin
grade :=’b’;
ket :=’lulus’;
end
else
if rata>=60 then
begin
grade :=’c’;
ket :=’lulus’;
end
else
begin
grade :=’d’;
ket :=’her’;
end
writeln(‘----------------------------------------------------‘);
writeln(‘ data nilai mahasiswa ’);
writeln(‘----------------------------------------------------‘);
writeln(‘nim :’,nim);
writeln(‘nama :’,nm);
writeln(‘nilai ujian 1 :’,uji1);
writeln(‘nilai ujian 2 :’,uji2);
writeln(‘total :’,total:4:0);
writeln(‘rata-rata :’,rata:2:2);
writeln(‘grade :’,grade);
writeln(‘keterangan :’,ket);
writeln(‘----------------------------------------------------‘);
readln;
end.

2. Statement CASE
BU : Case Variabel Of
daftar pilihan1 : pernyataan1;
daftar pilihan2 : pernyataan2;
…………........ : ……………;
daftar pilihan n : pernyataan n;
End;
Contoh:
program case_lagi;
uses crt;
var bayar,pot : integer;
begin
clrscr;
write(‘total pembayaran:’);readln(bayar);
case pembyrn of
0..1000 : pot :=0;
1001..10000 : pot :=100;
10001..30000 : pot :=1000;
end;
writeln(‘Jumlah Pembayaran =Rp.’,bayar);
writeln(‘Potongan =Rp.’,pot);
writeln(‘=============================’);
writeln(‘Jumlah Setelah Diskon =Rp.’,bayar-pot);
readln;
end.